Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the pancreas is unable to produce insulin.
Type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 10% of all diabetes cases. It is one of the most common chronic conditions in children, with symptoms that usually develop suddenly and are often obvious.
Causes, symptoms and risk factors of type 1 diabetes
The exact trigger for this autoimmune reaction is unknown. Type 1 diabetes is not related to lifestyle factors. It is thought to occur when the immune system, while fighting harmful bacteria or viruses, accidentally destroys the pancreas’s insulin-producing cells. Genetics, environmental factors and viral exposure may also play a role.
Symptoms include:
- Excessive thirst and frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Weakness and fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Persistent hunger
- Slow-healing wounds
- Skin infections and itching
- Mood swings
- Dizziness
- Leg cramps
Some of the risk factors include:
- A family history of type 1 diabetes in a parent or sibling
- Certain genes associated with an increased risk
- Higher incidence in people living further from the equator
- Age – although it can occur at any age, there are two peak periods: children aged 4–7 years and 10–14 years
How is type 1 diabetes in children diagnosed?
A random blood glucose test is the primary screening and diagnostic test for type 1 diabetes in children.
Other blood tests may include:
- HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin)
- Fasting blood glucose
If diabetes is confirmed, Dr Imran may recommend further tests to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. These may include blood tests for common type 1 diabetes antibodies and urine or blood tests to check for ketones.
Prevention of type 1 diabetes
Currently, type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, and there is no cure.
Treatment and management
Type 1 diabetes is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires lifelong daily management.
Dr Imran’s practice provides diagnosis and ongoing management of type 1 diabetes in collaboration with our diabetes educator. With the support of our clinical team, we help patients manage their condition through:
- Insulin replacement using injections or an insulin pump
- Regular blood glucose monitoring
- A healthy, structured eating plan
- Development of a regular exercise program
Type 1 diabetes can be successfully managed
With the right diagnosis, education and ongoing support, type 1 diabetes can be successfully managed. Please ask your GP for a referral to Dr Imran and arrange a consultation to discuss your condition.