1. Hypopituitarism
Hypopituitarism is a condition in which the pituitary gland does not make enough of one or more hormones. This can affect many body functions, such as growth, energy, stress response, and reproduction.
Common symptoms depend on which hormones are low and may include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Weight changes
- Cold intolerance
- Low blood pressure
- Reduced sex hormone levels or fertility problems
- Poor growth in children
Diagnosis is made with blood tests and imaging of the pituitary gland.
Treatment focuses on replacing the missing hormones and managing the underlying cause. Long-term follow-up is usually needed.
2. Secondary Hypothyroidism
Secondary hypothyroidism occurs when the pituitary gland does not make enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). As a result, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.
Common symptoms include:
- Tiredness
- Weight gain
- Cold intolerance
- Dry skin
- Constipation
- Slow heart rate
Diagnosis is based on blood tests showing low thyroid hormone with low or normal TSH.
Treatment involves thyroid hormone replacement and regular blood test monitoring.
3. Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
Secondary adrenal insufficiency happens when the pituitary gland does not make enough ACTH, a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.
Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Weight loss
- Nausea or abdominal pain
- Dizziness or low blood
- pressure
- Low blood sugar
Diagnosis is made with hormone blood tests, sometimes combined with stimulation tests.
Treatment requires daily cortisol replacement. During illness or stress, higher doses may be needed.
4. Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism occurs when the body does not produce enough sex hormones (estrogen or testosterone). When caused by pituitary problems, it is called secondary hypogonadism.
Common symptoms include:
- Delayed or absent puberty
- Low sex drive
- Menstrual changes or infertility
- Erectile dysfunction
- Loss of muscle mass or bone strength
Diagnosis is made with blood tests and sometimes pituitary imaging.
Treatment usually involves hormone replacement and management of the underlying cause.
5. Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)
Growth hormone deficiency occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone. It can affect both children and adults.
Common symptoms include:
- In children: slow growth and short height
- In adults: low energy, increased body fat, reduced muscle mass, and poor quality of life
Diagnosis is based on blood tests and special hormone stimulation tests.
Treatment involves growth hormone replacement, with regular monitoring over time.